Lee Crandall Park, M.D.

Veritas vos liberabit
(The truth will make you free)
— motto of Johns Hopkins University


About

Lee Crandall Park, M.D.

This summary has been revised to be more of a memoir now that I am 99 years old. I am Associate Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. I am Life Fellow AAAS and Distinguished Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. I was active in psychiatric practice and research for over 55 years, and since retiring in 2015 at the age of 89 I have had more time to read the research literature as well as to consult with others, and to organize and reread years of notes that are relevant to our new Monograph on Borderline Personality Disorder. This monograph is also a story about the changes, for better and for worse, in the field of Psychiatry over the many years that I have been a psychiatrist.

I began experiencing Dyslexia at an early age, completing elementary education at a local public school with only a C average. My son, Thomas, is also dyslexic, and both of us have had to make extra efforts to succeed scholastically and professionally. We had to learn how to think “out of the box” because we often failed at routine ways of learning, which has subsequently greatly benefited us in our research careers. (Quite paradoxically, my other son, Jeffrey, is an excellent linguist, which has been very beneficial for him in his academic career.) I was fortunate to be accepted by the Putney Preparatory School beginning in the 9th grade, and following this wonderful educational experience I graduated from Yale University in 1948 with a B.S. in Zoology and from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1952. This was followed by an Osler Internship in Internal Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital 1952-53. I was then called into the Navy for two years. Due to a clerical error, I was incorrectly assigned to be a staff psychiatrist at the Oak Knoll Naval Hospital in Oakland, California. This was the receiving hospital for Korean War Marine and Navy casualties, including mental breakdowns, and there was a shortage of psychiatrists there due to an unanticipated majority of patients being admitted to or ending up in the psychiatry wards. Therefore, I was not reassigned but remained on the staff as a “resident in training” although there was no such program. I was actually working as a regular psychiatrist, with the option for special advice and support. After a few months I was transferred to Korea to be a regimental surgeon in the First Marine Division Expeditionary Force as the Korean War was reaching a truce. Shortly after arrival the Division Psychiatrist became ill, and I was assigned to that position. This was a high stress situation in which there were about 30,000 battle-hardened warriors, with myself being the “psychiatrist” who had almost no formal education or training in mental illness or psychotherapy. I was essentially on my own, with a “psychologist” who had a BA degree as my assistant and a friendly Marine Captain who had some experience in counseling. There were a few beds for inpatients. I introduced myself to patients in uniform as a pleasant, steady and confident medical officer and psychiatrist who had all the time in the world to get to know another person. I made clear that I wanted to engage personally and seriously in learning about and helping them to resolve what had been happening, what might be troubling them, and any other concerns or life experiences they might wish to talk about, and I told them I could continue to make regular appointments with them. To my great surprise I was quite successful in this endeavor, including dealing with crisis situations that involved psychotic and dangerous patients, and at a time when psychopharmacology was still in its infancy. I subsequently received a Letter of Appreciation for “Outstanding Performance of Duty” from the Commanding Officer.

This very positive experience in the field of mental illness and its treatment led to my completing a residency at Johns Hopkins Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences after leaving the Navy. Despite the prior involvement in evaluating and treating Marines in acute life situations, I felt very much a neophyte when I began my residency, largely because I was intimidated by the structured guidelines that at times did not seem to align with my experiences in Korea, as well as by the somewhat esoteric teachings of psychoanalysis. Along with a few other residents I engaged in a psychoanalysis (with Sarah Tower), which was beneficial, but some of the learning experiences and confidence that I had gained in Korea had faded away. I did not understand until much later that in Korea I had been experiencing the essence of successful psychotherapy for almost all of my patients as the nature and characteristics of the interpersonal engagement, and that this can be quite successful even in the absence of specific guidelines of the various psychotherapies. Following residency, I became a full-time faculty member at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. I began working in the psychiatry outpatient program at the hospital, and subsequently I was also placed in charge of mental health counseling for both students and faculty at the George Wilson Shaffer Student Health Service on the Homewood campus of Johns Hopkins University. I was initially quite uneasy engaging with faculty members, some of them senior academics, until I gradually learned that one’s Social Intelligence abilities for understanding self and one’s others can be quite independent from other talents. A high IQ could lead to more complex stories, but the underlying Theory of Mind (ToM) difficulties did not differ in significant ways from those of the Marines seen in Korea.

Beginning in 1959 I also became a member of the new “Drug-Set” Research Program of the NIMH Psychopharmacology Service Center (PSC.) The PSC was headed by Jonathan O. Cole, who later became Professor at Harvard. The Cole Resource Center there is named after him. He was the “father of clinical psychopharmacology in the United States—internationally known for his breakthrough research in the use of drugs to treat psychiatric illnesses” (wikipedia). The NIMH Psychopharmacology Service Center was formed by Cole in the 1950’s “to stimulate research and treatment in the application of new psychotropic drugs”. He developed the Drug-Set research program in collaboration with Johns Hopkins and the University of Pennsylvania. This clinical drug research was at the beginning of the new field of Psychopharmacology, following on the discovery of Thorazine for Schizophrenia a few years earlier. At that time psychotherapy was still the key treatment for mental illness, and so our research focused not only on understanding the “drug” influences on the patient’s response, but also on understanding the “set” influences, including patient expectations and the characteristics of the social setting in which the drug was prescribed, such as the therapist/prescriber verbal and emotional communications.

By the later 1960’s however, there were increasing arguments for the full medicalization of psychiatry, probably related to the fact that psychiatrists are M.D.s, with the insistence, but without any significant evidence, that searching for inborn neuropathologies, and for drugs and other medical methods to correct them, was not only primary for understanding and treating mental illness in general, but that psychotherapy was helpful only as a quite secondary factor, and was seldom or not at all not necessary to include in research studies. This has been a very unfortunate development since the interpersonal engagement with a patient is still the only way to directly obtain information about ongoing content and workings of the mind. Gaining such information about the mind is frequently essential for understanding and successfully treating disorders of the mind, i.e, mental illnesses. In the treatment setting an appropriately personal engagement can enable the patient to feel a very meaningful experience of becoming known, understood and respected by a trusted person. This of course, requires the therapist to communicate his/her appropriate concern, understanding and empathy for the patient’s distressed state, regardless of negatives the patient might communicate since there are always degrees of distress and suffering. This exploratory, positive interpersonal engagement, even when rather brief, can be remarkably beneficial for a patient.

In 1964 I carried out with Lino Covi the “Nonblind Placebo Trial”, which was published in Archives of General Psychiatry in 1965. This research was in the setting of our drug-set research with the NIMH Psychopharmacology Service Center. Fifteen new outpatients with psychoneuroses were provided with a carefully planned and quite positive initial evaluation. They were then told that pills were going to be prescribed, making very clear to them that the pills contained no medicine at all. They were advised that the pills should be taken three times a day at meals. They were also informed that many people with their kind of condition had been helped by such pills, which was true. This and other information and directions were scripted along guidelines developed in the drug-set studies. Fourteen patients willingly entered this very brief trial and all but one reported significant improvement, demonstrating that patients can be willing to take placebos and can improve despite disclosure of their inert content. (The patient who did not improve was also feeling better until her husband ridiculed her for taking sugar pills.) This was the first reported study EVER to reveal to patients that pills being prescribed had no active content, and it had required a special review by the Chairman and other members of the Department prior to proceeding. The result is in alignment with my belief and experience that the development of a genuine, positive, and appropriately personal engagement, of necessary duration can be essential for successful treatment of most patients with mental illnesses, and is often (or usually?) more important than the specifics of the diverse treatment concepts and theories themselves. The study was reported in numerous media sources in the US and other countries, and the guidance we provided to other researchers about how to plan and conduct such a study helped lead to confirmatory studies, such as those at Harvard. (Our drug-set research team considered the term “Placebo Effect” to be not only rather meaningless but that it also obscured the actual reason patients improve symptomatically when placebos are prescribed. If a placebo is a fully inactive substance, it cannot produce any “effect” at all by itself, so, obviously, the sources of improvement must be the patient’s initial expectations and the influence on the patient’s mind by the setting in which the placebo is prescribed, including particularly degrees of positivity about the recommended treatment, and the competence, interest, encouragement, understanding and warmth expressed by the prescriber, which are all features of Psychotherapy. The use of the term Placebo Effect has contributed to the inadequate research attention given to this remarkable therapeutic power of the brief interviews taking place in all drug studies.)

My thinking about the origins, nature and treatments of mental illness has evolved over the course of the many years that I have been a psychiatrist, during which I have been influenced by differing schools of thought, including particularly Meyerian (Adolf Meyer), Psychoanalytic, Psychodynamic, Time-Limited, DBT, and the current Medical Model. This varied history, along with my experiences in Korea, has benefitted me considerably, in my work. For a time I was Director of Psychiatric Outpatient and Community Services at Johns Hopkins Hospital, but by then I was becoming increasingly disappointed with the very narrow research focus on discovering inborn neurobiological flaws and on establishing treatments for them, along with the decreasing research interest in psychotherapy and in exploring the childhood/adolescent developmental social experience as likely critical to the proper development and workings of the mind. As I gradually moved to part-time and then full-time private practice I was developing a strong interest in Personality Disorders, particularly Borderline and Narcissistic Disorders. I have had the opportunity to treat and then follow a few borderline patients for up to 40 years, providing a rather special experience. In 1992 we reported a study of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) that focused on the histories of childhood psychological abuse and the evidence of enhanced social perceptivity. Co-authors included John B. Imboden M.D. past Director of the Psychiatric Inpatient Service at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Stewart H. Hulse Ph.D., past Chair of the Psychology Department at Johns Hopkins University, and Thomas J. Park Ph.D., currently Professor of Neuroscience and Associate Department Head of Biological Sciences at the University of Illinois, Chicago. In 1997 Thomas Park and I co-authored a book chapter on “Personal Intelligence” (Human Social Intelligence) and its likely involvement in BPD. We have now co-authored a monograph, “A New Model for Understanding and Treating Borderline Personality Disorder”, which presents the argument that Borderline Personality Disorder is almost always a fully developmentally engendered disorder of Theory of Mind that occurs when a child, who is usually endowed with enhanced Social Intelligence, is parented in a persistent, everyday yet often rather subtle, invalidating social environment. We recommend specific psychotherapy modifications to current treatment models for BPD that will resolve their continuing failures to provide either a sufficiently positive sense of self or successful intimacy with others.

In completing this monograph as a “memoir” of a long professional life, I am thinking of the words of Horace Mann: “Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.”

8-10-2025
Website: leecrandallparkmd.net
E-mail: lpark3@jhmi.edu

Aequanimitas

(motto of Johns Hopkins Medicine)
Sir William Osler,
Knighted in 1911

CURRICULUM VITAE

EDUCATION

1944

Grad. Putney Preparatory School, Putney, VT.

1948

B.S., Yale University (Zoology).

1952

M.D, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

1952-1953

Intern in Medicine, Osler Service, Johns Hopkins Hospital.

1953-1955

Medical Officer USNR: Psychiatric Resident and Hospital Staff Psychiatrist; Regimental Surgeon and Division Psychiatrist, 1st Marine Division Korea. (Letter of Appreciation, Commanding Officer, “Outstanding Performance of Duty”). Medals: Korean Service, National Defense Service, United Nations

1955-1959

Psychiatric Residency, Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Post Doctoral Fellow in Johns Hopkins University.

Diplomate National Board of Medical Examiners. Licensed Maryland and California.

Certified by American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in Psychiatry.

POSITIONS

 

1959
-2009 Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Associate Professor 1970 to present (Emeritus since 2009).

1961 – 1973 
Physician in charge of Psychiatric Services, Student Health Service, Johns Hopkins University.

1964 – l981
 Psychiatric Consultant, Office of Disability Programs, Social Security Administration.

1966 -1973
 Attending Staff, Seton Psychiatric Institute. (Executive Coordinating Board l970 -l973).

1970 – 2009
 Staff (Associate to Honorary), Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital.

1972 -1974
 Director, Psychiatric Outpt. Services & Community Psych. Program, Johns Hopkins Hospital.

1974 – l976 Departmental Council, Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital.

1974 – 2015
 Full-Time Private Practice of Psychiatry (Individual, Group, Marital, Family Therapy; Adolescents, Adults).

1974 -1976 
Psychiatrist Consultant, University of Notre Dame, Baltimore.

1974 – 2002 
Courtesy Staff and Preferred Psychiatrist Affiliate, Dept. of Psychiatry and Medicine, Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hosp.

1981 – 1986 
Clinical Faculty, Dept. of Psychology and,  Counseling and Psychiatric Services, Johns Hopkins University, Homewood.

MEMBERSHIPS

• American Psychiatric Association: Distinguished Life Fellow; Member Assembly of District Branches 1983-1993; APA Nominating Committee 1990-1991; Consultant to APA Task Force on Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders 1989; Reviewer, American Journal of Psychiatry 1978-1994.

• American Medical Association.

• American Psychosomatic Society. (Now Society for Biopsychosocial Science and Medicine)

• American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.

• International Society for the Study of Personality Disorders.

• Society for Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies.

• American Association for the Advancement of Science (Life Fellow).

• American Association of University Professors.

• Maryland Psychiatric Society (President l978-1979).

• Maryland Foundation for Psychiatry (Board 1995-2003; President 2000-2003 ).

• Maryland Interdisciplinary Council for Children and Adolescents (1978-1998)

• Metropolitan Baltimore Association for Mental Health.

• Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland.

• New York Academy of Sciences.

• Baltimore City and Baltimore County Medical Societies.

• Johns Hopkins Medicine Alumni Association.

RESEARCH

  1. Participant in Dr. Jerome Frank’s study of placebo effect: 1959.
  2. Co-Principal Investigator: Controlled Study of the interaction of Therapists’ Personal Characteristics and of Medication (imipramine, placebo) in the Treatment of Depression, USPHS Grant M-3741A: l959-1960. (With E.H. Uhlenhuth, M.D.)
  3. Methionine Ingestion in Schizophrenic Patients treated with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, USPHS Grant MH-5521: l96l-l962. (With S.S. Kety, M.D. and R.J. Baldessarini, M.D.)
  4. Principal and Co-Principal Investigator: NIMH-PRB Outpatient Study of Drug-Set Interaction, USPHS Grant MH-04732: 1960 1968. (With E.H. Uhlenhuth, M.D. and L. Covi, M.D.)
  5. Co-Project Director: A controlled Study of Time-Limited Psychotherapy, USPHS Grant MH-16056: l969-1973. (With E. Meyer, M.D.)
  6. Clinical research of Borderline and Narcissistic Conditions: Etiology, Characteristics and Treatment.
  7. Psychiatric Research Network, American Psychiatric Assn: 1994-2002.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

This bibliography is available as a PDF.

HIGHLIGHTS

PLACEBO TRIAL ARTICLE REVIEWS AND COMMENTS – 1965-67

      • “Expectancies in psychotherapy influence ultimate outcome,” Roche Report: Frontiers of Clinical Psychiatry, Nutley, NJ, July 1, 1965. | Download as PDF
      • “The Misuse of Happy Pills,” Better Homes and Gardens, April 1967. | Download as PDF
      • “Johns Hopkins MDs Explore ‘Placebo Effect; 14 Patients Swear Sugar Pills Were Curative,” Drug Topics, May 17, 1965. | Download as PDF
      • “Editorial #1: Happiness is a Pink Pill,” WWDC Broadcast, June 22, 1965. | Download as PDF
      • “Nonblind Placebo Trial,” Associated Press Teletype,1965. | Download as PDF
      • “A Bizarre Demonstration,” Baltimore News-American, June 17, 1965. | Download as PDF
      • “Patients Knowingly Take Fake Pills, Still Feel Better,” Baltimore Sun, June 16, 1965. | Download as PDF
      • Collection of 27 articles about the placebo trials from various newspapers, 1965 | Download as PDF
      • “Magic Medicine: The Placebo,” Johns Hopkins Magazine, August 1983 | Download as PDF
  • Park, L.C., Imboden, J.B., Park, T.J., Hulse, S.H. and Unger, H.T. “Giftedness and psychological abuse in borderline personality disorder: Their relevance to genesis and treatment.” Journal of Personality Disorders, 6: 226-240, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1992.6.3.226 | Download as PDF
  • Park, L.C. “Does this patient need psychiatric referral? Borderline personality disorder is serious, life-threatening, and fairly common, yet it goes unrecognized by most physicians.” Hospital Medicine, 30: 36-42, l994. [Reprinted in Tiempos Medicos.] | Download as PDF
  • Park, L.C. and Park, T.J. “Personal Intelligence.” In McCallum, M. and Piper, W.E. (eds.) Psychological Mindedness: A Contemporary Understanding, Chapter 6, pp. 133-167, 1997 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Mahwah, NJ | Download as PDF
  • Park, L.C. “Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins Hospital.” In The Maryland Psychiatric Society: Celebrating 50 Years, pp 36, 42, Maryland Psych. Soc., Baltimore, 2000. | Download as PDF

BOOKS

  • Park, L. C. and Park, T.J., A New Model for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder, Revised Edition, Herron Creek Press LLC, 2024. | See More Information
  • Allen, T.E., Liebman, M.C., Park, L.C., and Wimmer, W.C., A Primer on Mental Disorders: A Guide for Educators, Families, and Students, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD, 2001. | Via Amazon as Kindle, Hardcover, and Paperback

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

1. Uhlenhuth, E.H. and Park, L.C. “The influence of medication (imipramine) and doctor in relieving depressed psychoneurotic outpatients. ” J. Psychiat. Res. 2:101-122, 1964. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(64)90006-8 | Download as PDF

2. Park, L.C. and Lipman, R.S. “A comparison of patient dosage deviation reports with pill counts.” Psychopharmacologia 6:299 302, l964. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00413160 | Download as PDF

3. Fisher, S., Cole, J.O., Rickels, K., and Uhlenhuth, E.H. “Drug-set Interaction: The Effect of Expectations on Drug Response in Outpatients.” Neuropsychopharmacology 3:149-156, l964.  | Download as PDF

4. Fisher, S., Lipman, R.S., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Rickels, K. and Park, L.C. “Drug effects and initial severity of symptomatology.” Psychopharmacologia 7:57-60, l965. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00404165 | Download as PDF

5. Lipman, R.S., Hammer, H. M., Bernardes, J.F., Park, L.C. and Cole, J.O. “Patient report of significant life situation events: Methodological implications for outpatient drug evaluation.” Dis. Nerv. Syst. 26: 586-591, l965. | Download as PDF

6. Park, L.C., Baldessarini, R.J. and Kety, S.S. “Methionine effects on chronic schizophrenics: Patients treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors.” Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 21:346-351, l965. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720340018003 | Download as PDF

7. Uhlenhuth, E.H., Park, L.C., Lipman. R.S., Rickels, K., Fisher, S. and Mock, J.E. “Dosage deviation and drug effects in drug trials.” J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 141:95-99, l965. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-196507000-00009 | Download as PDF

8. Park, L.C., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Lipman, R.S., Rickels, K. and Fisher, S. “A comparison of doctor and patient improvement ratings in a drug (meprobamate) trial.” Brit. J. Psychiat. 111:535-540, l965. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.111.475.534 | Download as PDF

9. Lipman, R.S., Cole, J.O., Park, L.C. and Rickels, K. “Sensitivity of symptom and nonsymptom-focused criteria of outpatient drug efficacy.” Amer. J. Psychiat. 122:24-27, l965. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.122.1.24 | Download as PDF

10. Lipman, R.S., Rickels, K., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Park, L.C. and Fisher, S. “Neurotics who fail to take their drugs.” Brit. J. Psychiat. lll: 1042-1049, l965. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.111.480.1043 | Download as PDF

11. Uhlenhuth, E.H., Rickels, K., Fisher, S., Park, L.C., Lipman, R.S. and Mock, J.E. “Drug, doctor’s verbal attitude and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to pharmacotherapy.” Psychopharmacologia 9:392-418, l966. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00406450 | Download as PDF

12. Lipman, R.S., Park, L.C. and Rickels, K. “Paradoxical influence of a therapeutic side-effect interpretation.” Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 15:462-474, l966. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1966.01730170014004 | Download as PDF

13. Park, L.C., Slaughter, R., Covi, L. and Kniffin, H.C., Jr. “The subjective experience of the research patient: An investigation of psychiatric outpatients’ reactions to the research treatment situation.” J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 143:199-206, l966. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-196609000-00001 | Download as PDF 1 | Download as PDF 2

14. Rickels, K., Snow, L., Uhlenhuth, E.H., Lipman, R.S., Park, L.C. and Fisher, S. “Side reactions on meprobamate and placebo.” Dis. Nerv. Syst. 28:39-45, l967. PMID 5334842 | Download as PDF 1

15. Park, L.C., Covi, L. and Uhlenhuth, E.H. “Effects of informed consent on research patients and study results.” J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., l45:349-357, l967. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-196711000-00001 | Download as PDF 1 | Download as PDF 2

  • INFORMED CONSENT ARTICLE REVIEWS AND COMMENTS  – 1965-67

      • “Informed Consent,” Sandoz Psychiatric Spectator, Vol. IV, No. 8, May 8-12, 1967. | Download as PDF
      • “‘Informed Consent’ Viewed as No Obstacle To Research,” Psychiatric Progress, Vol. 2, No. 4, June 1967. | Download as PDF
      • “Effects of Informed Consent on Research Patients and Study Results,” Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry, June-July 1965. | Download as PDF

16. Uhlenhuth, E.H., Lipman, R.S., Rickels, K., Fisher, S., Covi, L., and Park, L.C. “Predicting the relief of anxiety with meprobamate: Non-drug factors in the response of psychoneurotic outpatients.” Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 19:619-630, l968. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1968.01740110107014 | Download as PDF AGP| Download as PDF CMD

17. Uhlenhuth, E.H., Duncan, D.B. and Park, L.C. “Some nonpharmacologic modifiers of the response to imipramine in depressed psychoneurotic outpatients: A confirmatory study.” In May, P.R.A. and Wittenborn, J.R. (eds.) Psychotropic Drug Response: Advances in Prediction, pp. 155-197, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL., l969. | Download as PDF

18. Covi, L., Park, L.C., Lipman, R.S., Uhlenhuth, E.H. and Rickels, K. “Factors affecting withdrawal response to certain minor tranquilizers.” In Cole, J.O. and Wittenborn, J.R. (eds.) Drug Abuse: Social and Psychopharmacological Aspects, pp. 93-108, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL., l969. | Download as PDF

19. Rickels, K., Howard, K., Lipman, R.S., Covi, L., Park, L.C. and Uhlenhuth, E.H. “Differential reliability in rating psychopathology and global improvement.” J. Clin. Psychol., 26:320-323, l970. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(197007)26:3%3C320::aid-jclp2270260320%3E3.0.co;2-p | Download as PDF

20. Imboden, J.B. and Park, LC. “Dissociative Reactions.” In Tice’s Practice of Medicine, Vol. 10, Chapter 38, pp. l9-24, Harper and Row, Hagerstown, MD., l970. | Download as PDF

21. Rickels, K., Lipman, R.S., Fisher, S., Park, L.C. and Uhlenhuth, E.H. “Is a double-blind clinical trial really double blind? A report of doctors’ medication guesses.” Psychopharmacologia, 16:329-336, l970. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00404739 

22. Park, L.C. and Imboden, J.B. “Clinical and heuristic value of clinical drug research.” J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 151:322-340, l970. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-197011000-00005 | Download as PDF

23. Rickels, K., Lipman, R.S., Park, L.C., Covi, L., Uhlenhuth, E.H. and Mock, J.E. “Drug, doctor warmth, and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to minor tranquilizers.” Psychopharmnacologia, 20: 128-152, l97l. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00404367 | Download as PDF

24. Uhlenhuth. E.H., Covi, L., Rickels, K., Lipman, R.S. and Park, L.C. “Predicting the relief of anxiety with meprobamate: An attempt at replication.” Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 26: 85-91, l972. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750190087016 | Download as PDF

25. Park, L.C. “What limitations should exist on psychiatric evaluations of individuals done for government and other third parties?” The Maryland Psychiatrist, 1:2, l974.

26. Meyer, E., Derogatis, L.R., Miller, J.M. Park, L.C. and Whitmarsh, G.A. “Medical Clinic patients with emotional disorders.” Psychosomatics, 19:611-619,l978. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3182(78)70920-5 

27. Meyer, E., Derogatis, L.R., Miller, M.J., Reading, A.J., Cohen, I.H., Park, L.C. and Whitmarsh, G.A. “Addition of time limited psychotherapy to medical treatment in a general medical clinic: Results at one-year follow-up.” J.Nerv. Ment. Dis., 169:780-790, l98l. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198112000-00006 | Download as PDF

28. Imboden, J.B. and Park, L.C. “Conversion Reactions.” In Spittell, J.A., Jr. (ed.) Clinical Medicine, Chapter 35, pp.l-5, Harper and Row, Philadelphia, PA. l98l. | Download as PDF

29. Park, L.C. and Imboden, J.B. “Dissociative Reactions.” In Spittell, J.A., Jr. (ed.) Clinical Medicine, Chapter 36, pp. l-5, Harper and Row, Philadelphia, PA., l98l. | Download as PDF

30. Park, L.C. “The APA Assembly in Action.” Maryland Psychiatric Society News, 2:2-3, 1988.

31. Park, L.C. “Positive outlook enhances `golden years’.” Senior Digest, 13:18, 1989. | Download as PDF

32. Park, L.C. “Psychiatry ignoring child abuse and neglect movement.” Psychiatric News, 27:14, l992. | Download as PDF

 

OTHER INFORMATION

Lineage/Patriotic/Social Organizations:

  • General Society of the War of 1812: President Maryland Society 2004-2006; Surgeon General 2012-2017;
    District Deputy President General, 2017-2025
  • General Society of Colonial Wars
  • National Society Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims: Maryland Branch: Governor 2006-2008
  • General Society Sons of the Revolution: State of Maryland Board of Managers 2006-2008; General Surgeon 2015-2018
  • National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution: Surgeon General 2009-2011; State of Maryland: Surgeon: 2002-2025
  • Descendants of Mexican War Veterans
  • National Huguenot Society: Surgeon General 2005-2008
  • The Royal Society of St. George. Saint George’s Society of Baltimore
  • The Holland Society of New York: Associate/Friend
  • St. Nicholas Society
  • Maryland Center for History and Culture (Maryland Historical Society)
  • Yale Club of NYC
  • Metropolitan Club of DC
  • Social Register Association
  • Several Family Associations

Immediate Family

  • Spouse: Mary Woodfill Park: Corporate Librarian, Information Consultant for Business and Family Hhistory, Author, Genealogist 
  • Two Sons: Both graduates of Johns Hopkins University:
    • Thomas Joseph Park, Ph.D., Tenured Professor of Neuroscience and Associate Head of Department of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Illinois Chicago. His wife is a journalist (retired), Chicago Tribune. 1 child, 1 grandchild.
    • Jeffrey Rawson Park, MA: Coordinator for Scientific English & Intermediate English at George-August University, Goettingen, Germany. His wife has a Masters in Biology and is a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences. 2 children, 6 grandchildren.
  • Father-Lee I. Park (1895-1978): LL. B. cum laude Univ. of Chicago Law School. Sr. Partner, Hamel, Park, McCabe and Saunders, Washington, DC. World War II: Colonel J.A.G.D. and General Staff Corps, AUS, 1942-1946 (Legion of Merit, Army Commendation Ribbon). World War I: Cadet 57* Squadron (Bombadier) Air Service, US Army, 1918. www.wwiimemorial.com. Listed in Marquis Who Was Who in America, Vol 7. Died fishing 1978 at Sioux Charlie Lake of the Stillwater River near family cabin in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana.
  • Mother-Alice Mary (Crandall) Park (1901 – 2006): Graduate University of Chicago. Author (5 books), Family Researcher, Genealogist. Member Nat. Soc. Colonial Dames of America, Society Daughters of Holland Dames, Associate Member Holland Society, several other lineage and patriotic organizations. Listed in Marquis’ Who Was Who in America, Vol. 27.
  • Family Summer Address:
    101 Little Rocky Creek Road
    Fishtail, Montana 59028

NEW MONOGRAPH!

A New Model for Treating Borderline Personality Disorder, Revised Edition

A Theory of Mind Developmental Model (TOMDM) for Understanding and Treating Borderline Personality Disorder

Individuals with BPD are neurobiologically normal at birth, and are usually endowed with an enhanced yet very developmentally vulnerable potential for understanding self and others.

Developmental psychological adversity is the full source of the disorder. Necessary modifications to current treatment models will resolve their current failure to provide either a positive sense of self or successful intimacy with others.

Please direct all correspondence and book requests to:
LPark3@jhmi.edu (Paperback book will be mailed free if requested here)

Library of Congress Control Number 2023915725
ISBN 979-8-218-35544-9

Authors:

Lee C. Park, M.D., is Associate Professor
of Psychiatry Emeritus at Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine,
Fellow, AAAS, and Distinguished Fellow,
American Psychiatric Assn.

Thomas J. Park, Ph.D., is Professor and
Associate Department Head of Biological
Sciences at University of Illinois, Chicago
and Fellow, AAAS.
tpark@uic.edu

Published for the authors by
Heron Creek Press, LLC P.O. Box 207
Phoenicia, NY 12464
www.heroncreekpress.com

 

Extended Abstract

 

Monograph